References: K through O – Trout's Notes

References K-O used for Sacred Cacti 4th edition.

This references list is still in progress and will continue to be modified during the editing process. If anything new has not been added yet and you need to know it now; drop me an email.

[Brackets around a title indicates it is an English translation of the actual title. ]

Incomplete citations or the use of the qualifier “From” usually indicates that the paper listed was a second-hand reference. This means that this work was unavailable to us and was the reference that was cited by our information source.

As a single listing

A through D

E through J

P through S

T through Z

Kagan, et al. (1975) J. Organometallic Chem, 90 (3): 353–365. “Reduction asymetrique catalysee par des complexes de metaux de transition IV. synthese d’amines chirales au moyen d’un complexe de rhodium et d’isopropylidene dihydroxy-2,3 bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,4 butane (diop).” ()

Kaiser, R. & C. Nussbaumer (1990) Helvetica Chimica Acta, 73: 133–139. “1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydro-4β,8aα–
dimethylnaphthalen- 4aβ-ol (=dehydrogeosmin), a novel compound occurring in the flower scent of various species of Cactaceae.” [from Schlumpberger et al. 2004]

Kaiser, R. & L. Tollsten (1995) Flavour Fragrance Journal, 10: 153–164. “An introduction to the scent of cacti.” [from Schlumpberger et al. 2004]

Kakuta, K. et al. (2012)a Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 22: 4793–4800. “New triterpenoid saponins from cacti and anti-type I allergy activity of saponins from cactus.” (Kazutaka Kakuta, Masaki Baba, Satoru Ito, Kaoru Kinoshita, Kiyotaka Koyama & Kunio Takahashi)

Kakuta, K. et al. (2012)b Heterocycles, 85 (6): 1377. “New Triterpenoid Saponins from Stenocereus eruca.” (Kazutaka Kakuta, Takeshi Koike, Kaoru Kinoshita, Satoru Ito, Kiyotaka Koyama & Kunio Takahashi)

Kaláb, D. (1956) Die Pharmazie, 11 (4): 268–269. “Oscillopolarographisches Verhalten von Mezkalin.”

Kalam, M.A. et al. (2012) “Mescaline concentrations in small regrowth crowns vs. mature crowns of Lophophora Williamsii (Cactaceae): cultural, economic, and conservation implications.” Paper presented to the Bangladesh Chemical Society, 8 December 2012. (M.A. Kalam, M. Klein, D. Hulsey, P. Daley, K. Trout & M. Terry)

Kalam, M.A. et al. (2013) Journal of Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 7(1): 435–440. “A preliminary report of mescaline concentrations in small regrowth crowns vs. mature crowns of Lophophora Williamsii (Cactaceae): cultural, economic, and conservation implications.” (M.A. Kalam, Molly T. Klein, Diana Hulsey, Keeper Trout, Paul Daley & Martin Terry)

Kalischer, S. (1895) Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde 5: 59–60. “Über giftige Kakteen.”

Kametani et al. (1977) JCS Perkins Trans. 1: 579

Kametani, T. et al. (1966) Yakugaku Zasshi, 86 (10): 913–918. “Studies on the Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds. CLI. Selective Demethylation of 3,4-Dihydro-6,7,8-trimethoxyisoquinoline and Modified Total Synthesis of Anhalamine.” (Tetsuji Kametani, Nagatoshi Wagatsuma & Fujinori Sasaki)See also [CA 66: 28631t]

Kametani, Tetsuji (1969) The Chemistry of the Isoquinoline Alkaloids. Hirokawa Publ./ Elsevier Publ.

Kampik, G. (1973) Allg. Homöopath. Ztg. 218: 249. [Not obtained yet.]

Kan, M. et al. (1989) Sculpture of Ancient West Mexico. County Museum of Art: Los Angeles. (Michael Kan, Clement Meighan & H.B. Nicholson)

Kandaswami, C. & E. Middleton, Jr. (1994) Advanced Experimental Biology & Medicine, 366: 351–376. “Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of plant flavonoids.”

Kang, Sungzong & Jack Peter Green (1970) Nature, 226: 645. “Correlation between Activity and Electronic State of Hallucinogenic Amphetamines.”

Kang, Sungzong & Jack Peter Green (1973) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 67: 62–67. “Steric and Electronic Relationships among Some Hallucinogenic Compounds.”

Kant, F. (1931) Archive für Psychiatrie, 91: 694. “Uber Reaktionsformen in Giftrausch.”

Kapadia, Govind J. & Henry M. Fales (1968)a The Chemical Society, London. Chemical Communications, [Journal of the Chemical Society D], 24: 1688–1689. “Krebs cycle conjugates of mescaline. Identification of fourteen new peyote alkaloid amides.”

Kapadia, Govind J. & Henry M. Fales (1968)b Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 57 (11): 2017–2018. “Peyophorine, a tetrahydroisoquinoline cactus alkaloid containing an ethyl group.”

Kapadia, Govind J. & Henry M. Fales (1970) Lloydia, 33 (4): 492. (Proceedings.) “Peyote and Related Alkaloids. Structure and Synthesis of Some New Krebs Cycle Conjugates of Mescaline.”

Kapadia, Govind J. & M.B.E. Fayez (1970)a Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 59 (12): 1699–1727. “Peyote constituents. Chemistry, biogenesis and biological effects.”

Kapadia & Fayez 1970 J. Pharm Sci. 58:1158 in the literature meant Kapadia et al. 1969a

Kapadia, Govind J. & M.B.E. Fayez (1973) Lloydia, 36 (1): 9–35. “The chemistry of the peyote alkaloids.”

Kapadia, G.J. & R.J. Highet (1967) Lloydia, 30: 287–288 (Proceedings.) “Peyote Alkaloids IV. Structure of Peyonine, a novel β-Phenethylpyrrole from Lophophora Williamsii.”

Kapadia, G.J. & R.J. Highet (1968) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 57:191–192. “Structure of peyonine, novel phenethylpyrrole from Lophophora Williamsii.”

Kapadia, Govind J. & Mehdi H. Hussain (1972) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 61 (7): 1172–1173. “Peyote and Related Alkaloids XIV: Mescaloxylic acid and mescaloruvic acid, the novel amino acid analogs of mescaline.” (Mescaloruvic acid and mescaloxylic acid as trace constituents.)

Kapadia, Govind J. & G.S. Rao (1965) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 54 (12): 1817–1819. “Gas-liquid chromatography and structure retention time relationship of Anhalonium alkaloids and related bases.”

Kapadia, Govind J. & Narenda J. Shah (1967) Lloydia, 30: 287. (Proceedings.) “Peyote Alkaloids III. Isolation and Synthesis of Peyonine, a novel β-Phenethylpyrrole from Lophophora Williamsii.”

Kapadia, Govind J. & Narenda J. Shah (1968) 115th Annual Meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Miami Beach, Fla.): Abstract no. 16, p. 104-?. “Peyote alkaloids V. Preparation of mescaline and selective ether cleavage of pyrogallol trimethyl ethers with lithium aluminum hydride.”

Kapadia, G.J. et al. (1968) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 57 (2): 254–262. “Anhalotine, lophotine and peyotine, quaternary alkaloids of Lophophora Williamsii.” (Govind J. Kapadia, N.J. Shah & T.B. Zalucky)

Kapadia, G.J. et al. (1969) Paper presented at the 116th Meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Montreal, Canada. May 18–22. “Identification and synthesis of 3-demethylmescaline, a plausible intermediate in the biosynthesis of the cactus alkaloids.” (from Kapadia & Fayez)

Kapadia, G.J. et al. (1969)a Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 58 (9): 1157–1159. “Peyote alkaloids. IX. Identification and synthesis of 3-demethylmescaline, a plausible intermediate in the biosynthesis of the cactus alkaloids.” (G.J. Kapadia, Y.N. Vaishnav & M.B.E. Fayez)

Kapadia, G.J. et al. (1969)b Lloydia, 32: 525. (1-Methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid in L. williamsii proposed as immediate precursor to anhalonidine.) (Govind J. Kapadia, M.B.E. Fayez, Y.S. [?N] Vaishnav, H.M. Fales & G. Subba Rao)

Kapadia et al.”11th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy (Vienna, Austria) July 1970, To be published” (in the literature) See as Kapadia et al. (1970)a Lloydia, 33 (4): 492.

Kapadia, G. Rao, Leete, Fayez, Vaishnav and Fales, to be published. (in the literature) See as Kapadia, G. et al. (1970) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 92 (23): 6943–6951

Kapadia, G.J. et al. (1970)a Lloydia, 33 (4): 492. (Proceedings.) “Peyote and Related Alkaloids. XII. Structure and Synthesis of Peyoglunal, a New Cactus β-Phenethylpyrrole.” (G.J. Kapadia, B.K. Chowdury, M.B.E. Fayez & H.M. Fales)

Kapadia, G.J. et al. (1970)b Journal of the American Chemical Society, 92 (23): 6943–6951. “On the origin of carbon 1 in tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids.” (G.J. Kapadia, G.S. Rao, E. Leete, M.B.E. Fayez, Y.N. Vaishnav & H.M. Fales)

Kapadia, G. et al. (1971) Paper presented at the 118th Meeting of the American Pharmaceutical Association, San Francisco, California, March 27-April 2. “Some newer synthetic cactus alkaloid analogs.” (from Kapadia & Fayez)

Kapadia et al. 1972, given in the literature, refers to Kapadia & Hussain 1972

Kapadia, G.J. et al. (1973) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry , 10 (1): 135–136 “Peyote and related alkaloids. XV. O-Methylpeyoxylic acid and O-Methylpeyoruvic acid, the new cyclic amino acid analogs of mescaline.” (Govind J. Kapadia, G.S. Rao, M.H. Hussain, & B.K. Chowdury)

Kapadia et al. 1977, given in the literature, refers to Kapadia & Hussein 1972

Kappe, T. & M. D. Armstrong (1965) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 8: 368–374. “Ultraviolet absorption spectra and apparent acidic dissociation constants of some phenolic amines.”

Karady, Sandor (1962) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 27 (10): 3720–3722. “Synthesis of 5-Ethyl-8-methoxycorydaldine.”

Karle, Jean M. (1977) Acta Crystallographia, B33: 185–188. “(±)-N-Demethyl-N-formylmesembrenone.”

Karle, Jean M. (1976) Ph.D. Dissertation. [From Karle 1977]

Karsten, G.K. (1895) Flora Deutschland Second Edition 457

Kasprzyk, Z. & J. Pyrek (1968) Phytochem. 7: 1631. [From Kasprzyk et al. 1970]

Kasprzyk, Z. et al. (1970) Phytochemistry, 9 (9): 2065–2066. “The Identity of Calenduladiol and Thurberin: A Lupenediol Found in Marigold Flowers and Organ Pipe Cactus.” (Zofia Kasprzyk, Jan Pyrek, S.D. Jolad & Cornelius Steelink)

Katz, Richard (1982) Boiling Energy: Community Healing among the Kalahari !Kung. Harvard University Press

Kauder, Ernest (1899) Archiv der Pharmazie, und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft, 237: 190–198 “Über alkaloide aus Anhalonium Lewinii.”

Kauder, Ernest (1899)b Chemische Central-Blatt, 1: 1244 “Über alkaloide aus Mescal-buttons.” I have not been able to locate this paper as cited in the literature. Something may be in error about the citation.

Kaufmann, A. & R. Radosevic (1916) Ber. 49: 675 “Zur synthese von isochinolin- derivaten. I.”

Kaufman, Teodoro S. (2004) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 15 (8): 1203–1237. “Synthetic pathways to salsolidine.”

Kavlin 2000 should read White 2000

Kavlin, Miguel was quoted in White, Timothy (2000) Shaman’s Drum, 57: 33–46. “Dancing with the Condor and Eagle: An Interview with Bolivian Ceremonialist Miguel Kavlin.”

Kawai & Chosaburo 1968 in literature meant Kawai & Yamamoto 1968

Kawai, Nobufumi & Chosaburo Yamamoto (1968) Brain Research, 7: 323–325. “Antagonism between serotonin and LSD studied in vitro in thin sections from the superior colliculus of guinea pig.”

Keenan, C.W. et al. (1976) General Chemistry Fifth Edition. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-043613-1. (Charles W. Keenan, Jesse H. Wood and Donald C. Kleinfelter)

Keller, William J. (1972) Ph.D. dissertation; University of Seattle, Washington

Keller, William J. (1978) Lloydia, 41 (1): 37–42. “The Involvement of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Normacromerine Biosynthesis.”

Keller, William J. (1980) Phytochemistry, 19: 413–414. “N-Methyltyramine: Formation in Opuntia clavata and Metabolism in Coryphantha macromeris var. runyonii.”

Keller, William J. (1982) Phytochemistry, 21 (12): 2851-2852. “Biosynthesis of N-Methylphenthylamine in Dolichothele sphaerica.”

Keller, William J. & Gary G. Ferguson (1976) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 65 (10): 1539–1540. “Selectivity of 4-Methoxyphenthylamine Derivatives as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase.”

Keller, William J. & Gary G. Ferguson (1977) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 66 (7): 1048–1050. “Effects of 3,4-Dimethoxyphenthylamine Derivatives on Monoamine Oxidase.”

Keller, William J. & Jerry L. McLaughlin (1972) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 61 (1): 147–148. “Isolation of (-)-normacromerine from Coryphantha macromeris var. runyonii.”

Keller et al. 1972 in the literature refers to Keller & McLaughlin 1972.

Keller, W.J. et al. (1973)a Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 62 (3): 408–411. “Cactus Alkaloids. XV. β-Phenethylamines from Coryphantha macromeris var. runyonii.” (W.J. Keller, J.L. McLaughlin & L.R. Brady.)

Keller, W.J. et al. (1973)b Lloydia, 36 (4):397–409. “Cactus Alkaloids. XX. The biosynthesis of catechol-O-methylated β-hydroxyphenethylamines (normacromerine and macromerine) in Coryphantha macromeris var. runyonii.” (W.J. Keller, L.A. Spitznagle, L.R. Brady & J.L. McLaughlin)

Keller et al. 1978 in the literature refers to Keller 1978.

Kellog, R. et al. (1965) Nature, (London) 208: 1129–1130. “Form Similarity Between Phosphenes of Adults and Pre-School Children’s Scribbling.” (R. Kellog, M. Knoll & J. Kügler)

Kelsey, F.E. (1959) The South Dakota Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12: 231-233. “The Pharmacology of Peyote.”

Kennedy, Alison Bailey (1982) Current Anthropology, 23 (3): 273–290. “Ecce Bufo: The Toad in Nature and in Olmec Iconography.”

Kerr, S.J. (1972) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 247: 4248–4252. “Competing methyltransferase systems.”

Keup, W. (1959) “The possible role of a LSD-protein complex in LSD model psychosis.” page 338, in: Bradley, P.B. et al. (eds.) Neuropsychopharmacology. Proceedings of the First International Congress of Neuro-psychopharmacology. (Rome, September 1958).

Khanna, K.L. et al. (1969) The Chemical Society, London. Chemical Communications, [Journal of the Chemical Society, D] 6: 315. “Biosynthesis of Mescaline.” (K.L. Khanna, H. Rosenberg & A.G. Paul.)

Khanna, K.L. et al. (1970) Phytochemistry, 9: 1811–1815. “Biosynthesis of Phenolic Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids of Peyote.” (K.L. Khanna, M. Takido, H. Rosenberg & A.G. Paul)

Khashaba, A.M. et al. (1996) Current Psychiatry, 3 (1): 89–98. “Plasma Amine Oxidase Activity in Some Psychiatric Patients.” (A.M. Khashaba, A.A. Shalanda, I.Z. El-Niggar, W.M. Ibrahim & M.H. Fawzi)

Kiesling, Roberto (1977) Thesis no: 0351: Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, “El género Trichocereus en la República Argentina”

Kiesling, Roberto (1978) Darwiniana, 21 (2-4): page numbers? “El genero Trichocereus” I: Las especies de la Republic Argentina.” [From Ritter]

Kimnach, Myron (1957) Cactus & Succulent Journal, of America 29: 146. Review of Backeberg’s ‘Descriptiones Cactacearum Novarum I’ (1956)

Kindler, K. (1927) Archiv der Pharmazie, und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft, 265: 389–415. “Über neue und verbesserte Wege zum Aufbau von pharmakologisch wichtigen Aminen. I.”

Kindler, Karl & Wilhem Peschke (1932)a Archiv der Pharmazie, und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft, 270: 340–353. “Über neue und über verbesserte wege zum Aufbau von pharmakologisch wichtigen Aminen IV. Über synthesen von Tyramin und Epinen.”

Kindler, Karl & Wilhem Peschke (1932)b Archiv der Pharmazie, und Berichte der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft, 270: 410–413. “Über neue und über verbesserte wege zum Aufbau von pharmakologisch wichtigen Aminen. VI. über Synthesen des Meskalins”

King, M.E. & I. R. Traylor (eds.) (1974) Art and Environment in Native America. Special Publications, Number 7, The Museum of Texas, Tech Univ.

King, R. Merrill (1957) Cactus and Succulent Journal, of the Cactus and Succulent Society of America. 29 (4): 102–104. “Studies in the Tissue Culture of Cacti.”

Kinoshita, K. et al. (1992) Journal of Natural Products, 55 (7): 953–955. “New Triterpenes from Trichocereus bridgesii.” (Kaoru Kinoshita, Kiyotaka Koyama, Kunio Takahashi, Norio Kondo & Hiroshi Yuasa)

Kinoshita, K. et al. (1995) Journal of Natural Products, 58 (11): 1739–1744. “New Triterpenes From Trichocereus pachanoi.” (Kaoru Kinoshita, Takaomi Takizawa, Kiyotaka Koyama, Kunio Takahashi, Norio Kondo, Hiroshi Yuasa & Ken-Ichi Kawai)

Kinoshita, K. et al. (1998) Pharmaceutical Biology, 36 (1): 50–57. “Antinociceptive Effect of Triterpenes from Cacti.” (Kaoru Kinoshita, Michiko Akiba, Masaaki Saitoh, Yang Ye, Kiyotaka Koyama, Kunio Takahashi, Norio Kondo & Hiroshi Yuasa)

Kinoshita, K. et al. (1999) Phytomedicine, 6: 73–77. “Inhibitory effect of some triterpenes from cacti on ³²P-incorporation into phospholipids of HeLa cells promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.” (K. Kinoshita, K. Koyama, K. Takahashi & H. Nishino)

Kinoshita, K. et al. (2000) Journal of Natural Products, 63:701–703. “A new triterpenoid saponin from Isolatocereus dumortieri.” (Kaoru Kinoshita, Kiyotaka Koyama, Kunio Takahashi, Norio Kondo & Hiroshi Yuasa)

Kircher, Henry W. (1969) Phytochemistry, 8: 1481–1488. “The Distribution of Sterols, Alkaloids and Fatty Acids in Senita Cactus, Lophocereus schottii, over its Range in Sonora Mexico.”

Kircher, Henry W. (1977) Phytochemistry, 16: 1078–1080. “Triterpene glycosides and queretaroic acid in organ pipe cactus.“

Kircher, Henry W. (1980) Phytochemistry, 19: 2707–2712. “Triterpenes in Organ Pipe Cactus.”

Kircher, Henry W. (1982) “Chemical Composition of Cacti and Its Relationship to Sonoran Desert Drosophilia.” pp. 143–158, in J.S.F. Barker & W.T. Starmer (eds.) Ecological Genetics and Evolution. The Cactus-Yeast-Drosophila Model System. Academic Press. ISBN 0 12 078820 9.

Kircher, Henry W. & Harold L. Bird, Jr. (1982) Phytochemistry, 21 (7): 1705–1710. “Five 3β,6α-Dihydroxysterols in Organ-Pipe Cactus.”

Kircher, Henry W. & William B. Heed (1970) “Phytochemistry and Host Plant Specificity in Drosophila.” pp. 191-209, in: Cornelius Steelink & V.C. Runeckles (eds.) Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, Volume 3.

Kircher, H.W. et al. (1967) Journal of Insect Physiology 13: 1869–1874. “Senita Cactus Alkaloids: Their Significance to Sonoran Desert Drosophila Ecology.” (Henry W. Kircher, William B. Heed, Jean S. Russell and John Grove)

Kirkwood, S. & L. Marion (1950) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 72: 2522–2524. “The biogenesis of alkaloids. I. The isolation of N-methyltyramine from barley.”

Kissinger, P.T. (1977) Anal. Chem. 49: 447A-456A. “Amperometric and coulometric detectors for high-performance liquid chromatography.”

Klein, M.T. et al. (2013)a “Mescaline Concentrations in Different Organs of Lophophora Williamsii: Implications for Cultural Use and Conservation.” Paper presented to meeting of the Society for Economic Botany, (Molly T. Klein, M.A. Kalam, N. Fowler & M. Terry)

Klein, Molly T. (2013)b “Mescaline Concentrations in Different Organs of Lophophora Williamsii: Implications for Cultural Use and Conservation.” Thesis. Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas.

Klein, Molly T. et al. (2015) Haseltonia, 20: 34–42. “Mescaline concentrations in three principal tissues of Lophophora williamsii (Cactaceae): Implications for sustainable harvesting practices.” (Molly T. Klein, M. Kalam, Keeper Trout, Norma Fowler & Martin Terry) [~4 Mb — http://www.cactusconservation.org/CCI/library/pdf/Klein_et_al_2015_Haseltonia_20_34-42.pdf]

Kloesel, Lawson (1958) American Journal of Pharmacy” 130: 307–316. “Some Notes On Peyote” [From Anderson 1980]

Klüver, Heinrich (1926) American Journal of Psychology, 37 (4): 502–515. “Mescal Visions and Eidetic Visions.”

Klüver, Heinrich (1928)a Mescal, and Mechanisms of Hallucinations. [reprinted 1966 University of Chicago Press.]

Klüver, Heinrich (1928)b Mescal, The “Divine” Plant and its Psychological Effects. London.

Klüver, Heinrich (1942) “Mechanisms of Hallucinations.” pp. 175–207 in Studies in Personality: Essays in Honor of Lewis M. Terman. NewYork: McGraw-Hill.

Klüver, Heinrich (1966) Mescal and Mechanisms of Hallucination. Phoenix Books: University of Chicago Press 108 pages.

Knabe (1959) Arch. Pharm. 292: 652.

Knize, Karel (nd) Index to Field #s of Collected Specimens 1967–1977

Knoll, Max (1958) Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 17: 110–126. “Anregung geometrischer Figuren und anderen subjektiver Lichtmuster in elektrischen Feldern.”

Knoll, Max (1967) Eranos Jahrbuch, 1965. 34: 361–397 + 27 pages of illustrations. “Die Welt der Inneren Lichterscheinungen.” [“The World of Inner Light Sensations.”] [Eranos-Jahrbuch 1965. Form als Aufgabe des Geistes ©1967. Publ. Rhein-Verlag Zürich 1966] [See also his contained references.]

Knoll, Max & Kügler, J. (1959) Nature, (London) 184: 1823–1824. “Subjective Light Pattern Spectroscopy in the Electroencephalic Range.”

Knoll, Max et al. (1963) Confina Neurologica, 23 (3): 201-226. “Effects of Chemical Stimulation of Electrically-Induced Phosphenes on Their Bandwidth, Shape, Number and Intensity.” (M. Knoll, J. Kugler, O. Höfer & S.D. Lawder)

Knoll, Max et al. (1962) Elektromedizin, 7 (4): 235–242. “Reproductionbarkeit von elektrisch angeregten Lichterscheinungen (Phosphene) bei zwei Versuchspersonen innerhalb von 6 Monaten.” (Max Knoll, O. Hofer, D. Lawder & J.M. Lawder)

Knoll, Max et al. (1962) Journal of Analytic Psychology, 7: 55–69. “Note on the Spectroscopy of Subjective Light Patterns.” (Max Knoll, J. Kügler, J. Echmier & O. Hofer)

Knorr et al. (1969) (in the literature) meant Korr et al. 1969

Knox, Michael J. & W. Dennis Clark (1986) Biochemical Systematics & Ecology, 14: 25–27. “Population Variation in β-Phenethylamines from Mammillaria microcarpa.”

Knox, MJ et al. (1983) Journal of Chromatography, 265: 357–362. “Quantitative analysis of β-phenethylamines in two Mammillaria species (Cactaceae)” (M.J. Knox, W.D. Clark & S.O. Link)

Köhres, Gerhard (not dated) Eine Studie über das Blüh- und Fortpflanzungsverhalten der Gattung Lophophora.

Koessler, Karl K. & Milton T. Hanke (1919) The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 39: 585–592. “Studies on Proteinogenous Amines. V. The Preparation of p-Hydroxyphenylethylamine hydrochloride (Tyramine hydrochloride)”

Kondo & Shinozaki (1929) J. Pharmac. Soc. Japan, 49: 267–269. “Preparation of p-Hydroxyphenylethylamine”

Kopin, I.J. et al. (1962) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 137: 34–40. “Fate of Norepinephrine-H³ in the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart” (Irwin J. Kopin, Georg Hertting and Edna K. Gordon) see also (1962) Fed. Proc. 21: 332. [Ed. Note: this should be written ³H.]

Korr, H. et al. (1969) Psychopharmacologia, 16: 183–200. “Autoradiographische Untersuchungen zur Verteilung von Mescalin und dessen Einfluß auf die zentrale Erregung bei Mäusen.” (H. Korr, E. Lehr, N. Seiler & G. Werner)

Kovács, Ödön & Gábor Fodor (1951) Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 84 (9): 795–801. “Beitrag zur Synthese der Tetrahydroisochinolin-Alkaloide unter physiologischen Bedingungen”

Kovacsics, G.B. & J.K. Saelens (1968) Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. 174 (2): 481–490. “Measurement of the levels and turnover of norepinephrine in discrete areas of rat brain using an enzymatic assay.”

Koyama, K. et al. (1993) Journal of Natural Products, 56 (12): 2201–2203. “New triterpenes from cactaceous plants.” (Kiyotaka Koyama, Toshiyuki Yama, Kaoru Kinoshita, Kunio Takahashi, Norio Kondo & Hiroshi Yuasa)

Krainz, Hans (various) Die Kakteen. (These are serial folios rather than a bound book.)

(1962) 1. IV. CVa “Trichocereus thelegonus (Weber) Britton & Rose.”

(1964) 1. III. CVIIIb “Gattung Lophophora”

(1975) 1. X. CVIIIb “Lophophora Williamsii (Lemaire ex Salm-Dyck) Coulter var. williamsii”

(1975) 15. I. CVa “Trichocereus macrogonus (Salm-Dyck) Riccobono”

Kramer, S.Z. et al. (1965) Federation Proceedings. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 24: 390. [Abstract; entry 1450] “Catatonic Behavior and Brain Electrical Activity in Chicks as Influenced by some Catecholamines and their Metabolites.” (Stanley Z. Kramer, Eli Seifter & Joseph Seifter)

Krapf, E.E. (1951) Neurobiologia (Recifa, Brazil), 14: 99–108. “Experimentos com venènos embriagadores: seu valor para a patopsicologia y a clinica psiquiatrica.”

Kratzel, K. & H. Silbernagel (1955) Mitteilungen der Oesterreichischen Gesellschaft fuer Holzforschung, 7: 71–78. [1956 CA 50: 6040f-g] [“Concerning the effect of thermal treatment of beechwood and beech lignin.”]

Krause, Alfred (1933) Kakteenkunde. issue 1, facing page 20. “Geschäftliche Pikieren von Kakteensämlingen.”

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Krieger (1956) Ph.D. Dissertation, Karlsruhe.

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Kuck, A.M. et al. (1967) J. Chem. Soc. 1327–1328. (also as Kuck & Delefeu 1967). This is a screwy miscitation in the literature. It should be Albónico et al. 1967.

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Kulz & Horning, Ger. pat. 682,394 (1939), Chem. Zentr. 1940, I, 1078, [CA (1942) 36: 3011]

Kunitomo, Jun-ichi (1962) Yakugaku Zasshi, 82: 611–613. “Studies on the Alkaloids of Rutaceous plants. XVII. Alkaloids of Phellodendron amurense Rupr” [CA 57: 4760d]

Kurath, Gertrude (1953) American Anthropologist, 55: 113 Review of: Cantos indigenas de Mexico, by Concha Michel (Mexico, D.F.; 1951)

Kurland, A.A. et al. (1966) “Psychedelic Psychotherapy (LSD) in the Treatment of Alcoholism.” pp. 435–440. in: Brill et al. (eds.) Neuro-psycho-pharmacology. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psycho-Pharmacologicum. [A.A. Kurland, J.W. Shaffer & S. Unger]

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LaBarre, Weston (1957)a American Anthropologist, 59: 359. Book Review of The Peyote Religion by J.S. Slotkin.

LaBarre, Weston (1957)b American Anthropologist, 59: 708–711. “Mescalism and Peyotism.”

LaBarre, Weston (1960) Current Anthropology 1: 45–60. “Twenty Years of Peyote Studies.”

LaBarre, Weston (1964) The Peyote Cult Second Edition. See LaBarre 1938.

LaBarre, Weston (1969) The Peyote Cult Third Edition. See LaBarre 1938.

LaBarre, Weston (1975) The Peyote Cult Fourth Edition. See LaBarre 1938.

LaBarre, Weston (1979)a Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 11 (1-2): 7–11. “Shamanic Origins of Religion and Medicine”

LaBarre, Weston (1979)b Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, 11 (1-2): 33–39, “Peyotl and Mescaline.”

LaBarre, Weston (1981) “Peyotegebrauch bei noramerikanischen Indianern” in G. Völger (ed.) Rausch und Realität Volume 2. Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum: Köln.

LaBarre, Weston (1989) The Peyote Cult Fifth Edition. See LaBarre 1938.

LaBarre, Weston (1990) The Ghost Dance. Origins of religion. Waveland Press ISBN 0-88133-561-4 (First published in 1970) 677 pages. Also printed in 1972

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Labouret, J. (1855) Horticole. Journal d’Horticulture Pratique. IV. 4: 24–28. Paris; Dusaq, Librairie Agricole de la Maison Rustique. [Britton & Rose gives as Revue Horticole] pp. 25–26 is Cereus tetracanthus.

Laing, R.O. (1979) Central African Journal of Medicine, 25: 265–266. “Three cases of poisoning by Boophane disticha.” [From DeSmet 1996]

LaManna et al. (1960) Farmaco Ed. Sci. 15: 9

Lamb, Edgar & Brian Lamb (1969) Pocket Encyclopedia of Cacti in Colour. Including other succulents. Blandford Press: Dorset ISBN 0 7137 0506X

Lamb, Edgar & Brian Lamb (1971) The Illustrated Reference on Cacti and Other Succulents. Volume 3. [First edition in 1963] Blandford Press: Poole/Dorset ISBN 07137 0009 2.

Lamb, Edgar & Brian Lamb (1973)a The Illustrated Reference on Cacti and other Succulents. Volume 1. [First edition 1955] Blandford Press: London. No ISBN.

Lamb, Edgar & Brian Lamb (1973)b The Illustrated Reference on Cacti and other Succulents. Volume 2. [First edition 1959] Blandford Press: London.

Lamb, Edgar & Brian Lamb (1974) Colorful Cacti of the American Deserts. Macmillan Publ. Co: New York [Also 1974 by Blandford] ISBN 0-02-567670-9

Lamb, Edgar & Brian Lamb (1978) The Illustrated Reference on Cacti and Other Succulents. Volume 5. Blandford Press: Dorset. ISBN 0 7137 0852 2

Lambert et al. (1975) Org. Mag. Reson. 72: 66.

Lame Deer & Richard Erdoes (1979) Tahca Ishte – Medizinmann der Sioux. List: Munich.

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Langer, S. Z. (1970) Journal of Physiology (London), 208: 515–546. “The metabolism of ³H-noradrenaline released by electrical stimulation from the isolated nictitating membrane of the cat and from the vas deferens of the rat.”

Landis, C. and Clausen, J. (1954) Journal of Psychology, 38: 211-221. “Certain effects of mescaline and lysergic acid on psychological functions.”

Lanternari, Vittoria (1974) (1960) “Il Peyotismo” pp. 67–111 in V. Lanternari Movimenti religiosi di libertà e di salvezza dei popoli oppressi. Feltrinelli: Milano.

Las Casas (1909) Apol. Hist. de las Indias, Chap. 166, pp. 445–446, ed. Serrano y Saenz, Madrid. 1909 (from Safford 1916)

Lastres, Juan B. (1951) História de la Medicina Peruana. Vol. 1. La Medicina Incáica. (Lima) (From several Dobkin de Rios articles including 1968 Economic Botany,)

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Lee, E.H. et al. (2003) Archives of Pharmacal Research, 26 (10): 1018–1023. “Constituents of the Stems and Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten.” (Eun Ha Lee, Hyoung Ja Kim, Yun Seon Song, Changbae Jin, Kyung-Tae Lee, Jungsook Cho & Yong Sup Lee)

Lee & McLaughlin 1975 in the literature refers to Lee et al. 1975.

Lee et al. 1974 in the literature refers to Lee et al. 1975.

Lee, Martin A. & Bruce Shlain (1985) Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD, and the Sixties Rebellion. Grove Press.

Lee, N.H. et al. (2000) Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 31 (2000) 412–415. “Screening of the radical scavenging effects, tyrosinase inhibition, and anti-allergic activities using Opuntia ficus-indica.” (N.H. Lee, J.-S. Yoon, B.H. Lee, B.W. Choi & K.H. Park)

Lee, T.M. et al. (1975) Lloydia, 38 (3): 366–367. “Cactus Alkaloids. XXVI. Tyramine from Azureocereus ayacuchensis” (T.M. Lee, J.L. McLaughlin & W.H. Earle)

Leete, Edward (1959) Chemistry and Industry, (London) 1959: 604. “Biogenesis of Mescaline.”

Leete, Edward (1966) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 88 (18): 4218–4221. “Biosynthesis of the Peyote Alkaloids. The Incorporation of Tyrosine 2-C¹⁴ into Mescaline and Anhalonidine.” [Note: this should be written ¹⁴C.]

Leete, Edward & J.D. Braunstein (1969) Tetrahedron Letters, 6: 451–452. “Biosynthesis of Anhalonidine: Origin of the Two Carbon Unit.”

Legler (1906)a Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 35 (3): 868.

Legler (1906)b Compt. Rend. 142: 108.

Legler (1906)c Compt. Rend. 143: 234, 916.

Legler (1907)a Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 1 (4): 148

Legler (1907)b Compt. Rend. 144: 488.

Lehmann, Arthur C. & Louis J. Mihalyi (1982) Ethnology 21 (4): 335–347. “Aggression, Bravery, Endurance, and Drugs: A Radical Re-evaluation and Analysis of the Masai Warrior Complex.”

Lemaire, Charles A. (1838) Cactearum aliquot novarum ac insuetarum in horto monvilliano cultarum accurata descritio, Fasc. I. Lutetiae Parisiorum

Lemaire, Charles (1839) Cactearum Genera Nova ett Species Nova en Horto Monville. Paris

Lemaire, Charles (1866) Iconographie des Cacteés. Paris

Lemmo (1977) High Times, (June, No. 22): 76-?. “Psychedelic Cacti.” (page numbers are not on the last pages.)

Leninger, Albert L. (1975) Biochemistry Second Edition. Worth Publ., New York. ISBN 0-87901-047-9.

Leon et al. (1969) J. Clin. Pharm. 9: 399. [A.S. Leon, W.B. Abrams, M. Markowitz & E.C. Meisner]

Leonard, B.E. & Sally R. Tonge (1969) Life Sciences, 8, pt. 1 (15): 815–825. “The Effects of Some Hallucinogenic Drugs Upon the Metabolism of Noradrenaline.”

Leonard, Irving A. (1942) American Anthropologist, 44: 324–326. “Peyote and the Mexican Inquisition.” [Stewart gives the original as “AGN, Inquisición: 333.35: 1620. Edicto impresso del Santo Oficio contra el uso del peyote, p. 1. Mexico City. (In Aguirre Beltrán, 1963: 371.)]

Leroy, A. (1896) Bull. de la Soc. d’Acclimatation, 43: 181-?. “Emploi des fleurs du Figuier de Barbarie contre la dysenterie.” (from Hobschette 1929 & also Soulaire)

Lesèche, B. et al. (1981) Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 18: 143–153. “Study of oxidation of 6,7-dimetoxy-tetrahydroisoquinolin-4-ol or 7,8-dimethoxyl-tetrahydroisoquinoloin-4-ol and reactivity of 6,7-dimethoxy-tetrahydroisoquinol-4-one carbonyl.” (B. Lesèche, J. Gilbert & C. Viel)

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Leuenberger, Beat Ernst (1995) Englera, 16: 13–24. “Biographical Notes on Friedrich Ritter (1898 – 1989).”

Levine, Michael (1994) The Big White Lie: The deep cover operation that exposed the CIA sabotage of the drug war.

Levis, D.J. & Caldwell, D.F. (1971) Biol Psychiatr. 3: 251-257. “The effects of a low dosage of mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine under two levels of aversive stimulation”

Levy, B. et al. (1971) Drill’s Pharmacology 4th edition

Lewin, Louis (1888)a Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv fur Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 24: 401–411. “XXVII. Ueber Anhalonium Lewinii.” [see also Lewin 1894a & 1894b]

Lewin, Louis (1888)b Therapeutic Gazette, 3rd. Ser., 4: 231-237. “Anhalonium Lewinii”

Lewin, Louis (1894)a Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv fur Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 34: 374–391. “Ueber Anhalonium Lewinii”

Lewin, Louis (1894)b Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, 12: 283–290 “Ueber Anhalonium Lewinii und andere giftige Cacteen.” [Anhalonium jourdanianum p. 289]

Lewin, Louis (1931) Phantastica. Dutton, New York. [First published (in German) in 1924 Stilkee: Berlin. Reprinted (in English) in 1964 by E.P. Dutton, New York.]

Lewin, Louis (1937) Kakteenkunde, 5: 190 [Lophophora jourdaniana Lewin] [from Grym 1997]

Lewin, Roger (1991) New Scientist, 130 (1772): 30–34. “Stone Age Psychedelia.”

Lewis, S.-T. & F. Ludueña (1933)a C. R. Séances Soc. Biol. Filiales Associées, 114: 814–816, (1933)b Rev. Soc. Arg. Biol. 9: 352–364. “Sur l’action de l’extrait de Trichocereus candicans (Britton et Rose) et de ses principes actifs, l’hordenine ou anhaline et les sels de p-oxyphénylyéthylméthylammonium, sur la sécrétion d’adrénaline”

Lewis, S.-T. & F. Ludueña (1934) C. R. Séances Soc. Biol. Filiales Associées, 116: 1085., (1934) Rev. Soc. Arg. Biol 10: 105–110. “Action de l’atropine sur la sécrétion d’adrénaline produite par l’excitation du nerf splanchnique, la nicotine et les ammoniums quaternaires”

Lewis-Williams, J. David (1981) Believing and Seeing: Symbolic meanings in southern San rock paintings. Academic Press: London. ISBN 0-12-447060-2.

Lewis-Williams, J.D. & T.A. Dowson (1988) Current Anthropology, 29 (2): 201-245 “The Signs of All Times. Entoptic Phenomena in Upper Paleolithic Art.”

Lewis-Williams, J.D. & T.A. Dowson (1989) Images of Power. Southern Book Publishers: Johannesburg.

Lewis-Williams, J.D. & T.A. Dowson (1992) Rock Paintings of the Natal Drakensberg. South Africa University of Natal Press: Pietermaritzburg.

Lewis-Williams, J.D. & T.A. Dowson (1993) Current Anthropology, 34 (1): 55–65 “On Vision and Power in the Neolithic: Evidence from the Decorated Monuments.”

Lewis, Joyce L. & H. McIlwain (1954) Biochemical Journal, 57 (4): 680–684. “Action of some ergot derivatives, mescaline and dibenamine on the metabolism of separated mammalian cerebral tissues.”

Li, Shih-chen (1973) Chinese medicinal herbs. Georgetown Press, San Francisco.

Life Enhancement (1997) 34:18–23. A sane discussion of GHB and the maliciously deceptive insanity the FDA/DEA is currently directing towards it for self-serving purposes. [See also the book by Dean]

Lindgren et al. 1976 in the literature meant Lindgren & Bruhn 1976

Lindgren, J.-E. et al. (1971) FEBS Letters, 13 (1): 21-27. “Detection of Biochemical Intermediates by Mass Fragmentography: Mescaline and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Precursors.” (J.E. Lindgren, S. Agurell, J. Lundström & U. Svensson)

Lindgren, Jan-Erik & Jan G. Bruhn (1976) Lloydia, 39 (6): 464–466. “Mass fragmentographic identification of O-
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Ling, J.S.L. et al. (1958) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 122: 44A (pharmacol)

List, P.H. (1958) Archiv der Pharmazie, (Weinheim, Ger.) 291: 502–513. “Basische Pilzinhaltstoffe. 2. Mitteilung. Biogene Amine und Aminosäuren des Schopftintlngs, Coprinus comatus Gray”

Little, M.D. et al. (1968) Anat. Rec. 160: 385–386. “Limb tremors produced in rats by intrastriatal injection of mescaline or 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine”

Liu, Q. et al. (1995) Arch Biochem Biophys., 321 (2): 397–404.”Enzymes of B-ring-deoxy flavonoid biosynthesis in elicited cell cultures of “old man” cactus (Cephalocereus senilis).” (Q. Liu, M.S. Bonness, M. Liu, E. Seradge, R.A. Dixon & T.J. Mabry)

Livanov, M.N. & Poliakiv, K.L. (1945) Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 3: 286–307. “Electrical processes in the rabbit’s cortex during the development of conditioned response to rhythmic stimulation.”

Livshits (1937) Soviet Medicine, 6: 42.

Lloyd, John Uri (1895) Etidorpha, or the End of Earth. (Republished in 1976 by Sunn: Albuquerque, NM and, again, in 1978 by Pocket Books: NewYork.)

Lloyd Brothers (1903, 1908) Drug Treatise, Number II. “A Treatise on Cactus Grandiflorus. Cactus Grandiflorus (Cereus Grandiflorus — Cactus)” (Lloyd Brothers, Cincinnati)

Loewe (1954) Arzneimittel Forschung 4: 583.

Loizaga Pazzi, Armando (2010) “Peyote y salud mental.” paper from 2010 Congreso Internacional de medicina traditcional y salud pública. “El peyote, medicina tradicional o droga lúdica” 20–23 October, Toluca, México.

Lowenstein, Thomas K. (2001) The American Prospect. pp 33–36. “Collateral Damage.”

Lucchi, L. et al (1981) Brain Research, 232: 506–510. “Action of ethanol and salsolinol on opiate receptor function.” (L. Lucchi, A. Bosio, P. F. Spano & M. Trabucchi)

Ludueña, F.-P. (1933)a C. R. Séances Soc. Biol. Filiales Associées 114: 809–811; (1933) Rev. Soc. Arg. Biol 9: 335–343. “Action pharmacodynamique d’un extrait de Trichocereus candicans (Britton et Rose)”

Ludueña, F.-P. (1933)b C. R. Séances Soc. Biol. Filiales Associées 114: 950–951; 1933 Rev. Soc. Arg. Biol 9: 457–460. “Effet de la cocaine sur l’action de l’extrait de Trichocereus candicans et de ses principes actifs sur l’excitabilité du nerf splanchnique”

Ludueña, F.-P. (1933)c C. R. Séances Soc. Biol. Filiales Associées 114: 951–953; (1933) Rev. Soc. Arg. Biol 9: 453–456. “Effet du sulfate de spartéine sur l’action de l’extrait de Trichocereus candicans et de ses principes actifs sur l’excitabilité du nerf splanchnique”

Ludueña, F.-P. (1934) Comptes Rendus Hebdomaires des Séances et Mémoires de la Sociéte de Biologie et de ses Filiales et Associées (Sociéte de Biologie de Rosario 1934) “La naturaleza química y la accíon farmacodinámica de los alcaloides del Trichocereus candicans.”

Luduena, F.-P. (1936) Comptes Rendus Hebdomaires des Séances et Mémoires de la Sociéte de Biologie et de ses Filiales et Associées (Sociéte de Biologie de Rosario 1935) 121: 368–369. “Pharmacologie de la Trichocéréine. Alcaloïde du Trichocereus terschecki (Parm.) Britton et Rose.”

Ludwig, Arnold M. & Jerome Levine (1966) Clinical Medicine, 73: 21-24. “The clinical effects of psychedelic agents.”

Lum, P.W.L. & P. Lebish (1974) Journal of the Forensic Sciences Society, 14: 6369. “Identification of peyote via major nonphenolic peyote alkaloids.” [From El-Seedi 2006)

Lumholtz, Carl (1902) Unknown Mexico: Explorations in the Sierra Madre and Other Regions, 1890–1898, Volume 1. Charles Scribner & Sons: New York. Reprinted by Dover Publications 1987: ISBN 0486253643, 9780486253640. Reprinted by Dodo Press in 2008.

Lumholtz, Carl (1989) A Nation of Shamans: The Huichols of the Sierra Madre. Bruce I. Finson: Oakland. [The Shamanic Library No. 1: Reprint of Symbolism of the Huichols.]

Luna, Luis Eduardo (1984)b Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 11 (2): 135–156. “The Concept of Plants as Teachers Among Four Mestizo Shamans of Iquitos, Northeastern Peru.”

Luna, Luis Eduardo (1992) “Icaros. Magic Melodies Among the Mestizo Shamans of the Peruvian Amazon.” pp. 231-253 (Chapter 10) in: E. Jean Matteson Langdon and Gerhard Baer (eds.) (1992) Portals of Power. Shamanism in South America. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1992

Luna, Luis Eduardo (ed.) (199?) “Music the Plants Taught Us.” (Audio tape of ayahuasca icaros; offered through many sources including the Basement Shaman.)

Lundström, Jan (1970) Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 7 (6): 651–666. “Biosynthesis of mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine in Trichocereus pachanoi Br. and R.”

Lundström, Jan G. (1971)a Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 25 (9): 3489–3499. “Biosynthesis of Mescaline and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids in Lophophora Williamsii (Lem.) Coult. Occurrence and biosynthesis of catecholamines and other intermediates.”

Lundström, Jan G. (1971)b Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 8 (3): 275–302. “Biosynthetic studies on mescaline and related cactus alkaloids.”

Lundström, Jan G. (1971)c Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 8 (5): 485–496 “Biosynthesis of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in Lophophora Williamsii (Lem.) Coult.”

Lundström, Jan G. (1972) Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 26 (3): 1295–1297. “Identification of New Peyote Alkaloids; Isomers of the Main Phenolic Tetrahydroisoquinolines.” (Isolation of isoanhalamine, isoanhalidine, isoanhalonidine, iso pellotine.) (not biosynthetic study per se but does offer some supportive evidence.)

Lundström, Jan G. (1983) “Simple Isoquinoline Alkaloids.” pp. 255–327 (Chapter 6) in: Arnold Brossi (ed.) The Alkaloids. Chemistry and Pharmacology. Volume 21. Academic Press.

Lundström, Jan G. & Stig Agurell (1967) Journal of Chromatography, 30: 271-272. “Thin-layer chromatography of the peyote alkaloids”

Lundström, Jan G. & Stig Agurell (1968)a Journal of Chromatography, 36 (1): 105–108. “Gas chromatography of peyote alkaloids. A new peyote alkaloid” [First report of DMPEA as a trace alkaloid in peyote]

Lundström, Jan G. & Stig Agurell (1968)b Tetrahedron Letters, 42: 4437–4440. “Biosynthesis of Mescaline and Anhalamine in Peyote. II.”

Lundström, Jan G. & Stig Agurell (1969) Tetrahedron Letters, 39: 3371–3374. “A Complete Biosynthetic Sequence From Tyrosine To Mescaline in Two Cactus Species.”

Lundström, Jan G. & Stig Agurell (1971) Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 8 (3): 261-274. “Biosynthesis of Mescaline and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids in Lophophora Williamsii (Lem.) Coult.”

Lundström, Jan G. & Stig Agurell (1972) “Biosynthesis of Mescaline and other Peyote Alkaloids.” pp. 89–94. in: Mothes et al. (eds.) 4. Internationales Symposium. Biochemie und Physiologie der Alkaloide. Halle (Saale), 25. bis 28. Juni 1969 Akademie-Verlag; Berlin 1972 (Kurt Mothes, Klaus Schreiber & Horst Robert Schütter (eds.)

Lüthy, Jonas M. (1995) Taxonomische Untersuchung der Gattung Mammillaria Haw. (Cactaceae). Arbeitskreis für Mammillarienfreunde und J. Lüthy: Bern. [From Rätsch 1998]

Lycaeum website [www.lycaeum.org]

Łyko, Marcin & Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel (2020) Środki psychotoksyczne jako potencjalne zagrożenie dla współczesnego bezpieczeństwa, pp. 166–177, in Joanna Jędrzejewska & Ewelina Chodźko (editors) Współczesny wymiar terroryzmu – przegląd i badania. Wydawnictwo Naukowe TYGIEL, Lublin. ISBN 978-83-66489-16-5.

Lyttle, Thomas (1997) Psychedelic Monographs & Essays. Volume 2. Summer 1997.

Lyttle, Thomas & Elmer Smith (1990) “Neurostructuralism and Hallucination.” in Psychedelic Monographs and Essays Volume 5, page 43–61.

Ma, W.W, Jiang, X.Y, Cooks, R.G, McLaughlin, J.L, Zeylemaker, F. and Ostolaza, C.N. (1986) Abstract 27th Annual Meeting American Society of Pharmacognosy July 27–30 Ann Arbor MI: Abstr.-52. [Same data as Ma et al. 1986?]

Ma, W.W. et al. (1986) Journal of Natural Products, 49 (4): 735–737. “Cactus Alkaloids LXI. Identification of mescaline and related compounds in eight additional species using tlc and mass-spectrometry/mass spectrometry.” (W.W. Ma, X.Y. Jiang, R.G. Cooks, J.L. McLaughlin, A.C. Gibson, F. Zeylemaker & C.N. Ostolaza)

Maas, J.W. & D.H. Landis (1968) Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 163 (1): 147–162. “In vivo studies of the metabolism of norepinephrine in the central nervous system. “

Maass, W. (1905) Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde. Zeitschrift der Liebhaber von Kakteen und anderen Fettpflanzen. 50: 117–122. “Die Jahres-Hautversammlung 1905.” [Page 119 merely mentions the name Cereus bridgesii longispinus.] [Also given as publication of Echinocactus jourdanianus (Rebut) Rebut ex Maass] Page 122 mentions Rebut’s name Echinocactus jourdanianus.

Mabry, T.J. et al. (1963) Phytochemistry, 2: 61–64. “The Betacyanins and Their Distribution.” (Tom J. Mabry, Ann Taylor & Billy L. Turner)

MacDougall & Miranda. RE: Pterocereus (?) gaumeri MacDougall & Miranda given as a provisional name; See Miranda 1954

MacDougall, Thomas & Helia Bravo (1956) Cactaceas y Succulentas Mexicanas, 1 (4): 64–67. “Pachycereus tehuantepecanus T. MacDougall et H. Bravo H., sp. nov.”

Mack, J.P.G. and Michael Slaytor (1979) Phytochemistry, 18:1921–1925. “Indolethylamine N-Methyltransferases of Phalaris tuberosa, Purification and Properties.”

Maclay, W.S. & E. Guttman (1941) Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 45: 130–137. “Mescaline hallucinations in artists.”

Madsen, Jens (1989) “5. Echinopsis Zucc.”, pages 27–30 of “45. Cactaceae.”; in Gunnar Harling & Lennart Andersson (eds.) Flora of Ecuador, No. 35.

Maffii, G. & E. Soncin (1958) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 10: 541–552. “Stereotyped Response Induced by Mescaline In Mice as a Means of Investigating the Properties of Drugs Acting on the CNS.”

Maggendorfer, F. (1928) Handbuch der Geistekranken. Vol. 7: 159, 162, 355–356. “Intoxikationspsychosen”

Magos, G.A. et al. (1999) Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 64 (1): 35–44. “Pharmacology of Casimiroa edulis IV. Hypotensive effects of compounds isolated from methanolic extracts in rats and guinea pigs.” (G.A. Magos, H. Vidrio, W.F. Reynolds & R.G. Enríquez)

Maickel, R.P., Cox, R.W., Jr., Saillant, J. and Miller, F.P. (1968) Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 7: 275–281.

Major, R.T. & F. Dürsch (1958) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 23: 1564–1565. “Na,Na-Dimethylhistamine, a hypotensive principle in Casimiroa edulis Llave et Lex.”

Malainine, M.E. et al. (2003) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 58c, 812–816. “First Evidence for the Presence of Weddellite Crystallites in Opuntia ficus indica Parenchyma.” (Mohamed E. Malainine, Alain Dufresne, Danielle Dupeyre, Michel R. Vignon & Mostafa Mahrouz)

Malitz, S. et al. (1960) Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1 (1): 8–17. “Some observations on Psilocybin, a New Hallucinogen in Volunteer Subjects.” (Sidney Malitz, Harold Esecover, Bernard Wilkens & Paul H. Hoch)

Malmejac (1964) Physiol. Rev. 44: 186.

Mandalari, G. et al. (2009) Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 57 (21): 10323–10330. “Anatomical, chemical, and biochemical characterization of cladodes from prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.].” (G. Ginestra, M.L. Parker, R.N. Bennett, J. Robertson, G. Mandalari, A. Narbad, R.B. Lo Curto, G. Bisignano, C.B. Faulds & K.W. Waldron)

Mandava,N.B. et al. (1981) Journal of Natural Products, 44 (1): 94–100. “Inhibition of Plant Growth by Phenethylamines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines” (N.B. Mandava, J.F. Worley and G.J. Kapadia)

Manger et al. (1969) Clin. Chem. 15: 1101. (W.M. Manger, O.S. Steinsland, G.G. Nahas, K.G. Wakim and S. Dufton]

Manna & Campiglo (1959) Farmaco Ed. Sci. 14: 317.

Manna & Ghislandi (1964) Farmaco Ed. Sci. 19: 377.

Manske (1937) Can J. Res. Sect. B. 15: 159

Manske, Richard Helmut Fred (1954) in RHF Manske (ed.) The Alkaloids Vol. IV pp. 8–14.

MAPS [Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies] 2105 Robinson Avenue / Sarasota, Florida 34232

Margadarsi 1998 & 2000 (personal communication)

Marinesco, G. (1931) Presse Médicale, 40: 743–744. “A propos de l’audition colorée.”

Marinesco, G. (1933)a Presse Médicale, 41: 1433–1437. “Recherches sur l’action de la mescaline.”

Marinesco, G. (1933)b Presse Médicale, 92: 1864–1866. “Visions colorées produites par la mescaline.”

Marini-Bettòlo, G.B. & Juan A. Coch Frugoni (1956) Gazzeta Chimica Italiana, 86: 1324–1331. “Influenza del pH nella separazione elettroforetica su carta degli alcaloidi.” [“The influence of pH on the electrophoretic separation of alkaloids on paper.”] [Also 1958 CA 52: 653c] [From paper presented to the XV Congresso di Chimica Pura e Applicata – Lisbona, 8–16 settembre, 1956]

Marini-Bettòlo, G.B. & Juan A. Coch Frugoni (1958)a Rendiconti. Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 21: 319–327 [cf. CA 49, 1280e] “Influenza del pH nella separazione elettroforetica su carta degli alcaloidi.” [“The influence of pH on the electrophoretic separation of alkaloids on paper.”] [CA (1959) 53: 1633] [From paper presented to the XV Congresso di Chimica Pura e Applicata – Lisbona, 8–16 settembre, 1956]

Marini-Bettòlo, G.B. & Juan A. Coch Frugoni (1958)b Journal of Chromatography, 1: 182–185. “Portable Apparatus for Paper Electrophoresis. Its application to preliminary analysis of curarizing alkaloids in plants and curares.”

Märki, F. et al. (1962) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 58: 367. (F. Märki, J. Axelrod and B. Witkop) [From Deulofeu & Ruveda 1971]

Marnell, Tim (ed) (1997) Drug Identification Bible Third edition. DIB: Denver. ISBN 0-9635626-2-2

Marona-Lewicka D & D.E. Nichols (2007) Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 87 (4): 453–461. “Further evidence that the delayed temporal dopaminergic effects of LSD are mediated by a mechanism different than the first temporal phase of action.”

Marrazzi, Amadeo S. & E. Ross Hart (1953) Progress in Neurology & Psychology, 8: 69–88. “Mescaline- Pharmacology of the nervous system.”

Marrazzi, Amadeo S. & E. Ross Hart (1955a) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 122 (5): 453–457. “The Possible Role of Inhibition at Adrenergic Synapses in the Mechanism of Hallucinogenic and Related Drug Actions.”

Marrazzi, Amadeo S. & E. Ross Hart (1955b) Science, 121 (3141): 365–367. “Relationship of hallucinogens to adrenergic cerebral neurohumors.”

Marriott, Alice & Rachlin, Carol K. (1972) Peyote. Mentor Books: New York & Scarborough, Ontario.

Marriott, Alice & Rachlin, Carol K. (1988) Peyote. La Salamandra: Milano.

Marshall, C.R. (1935) British Journal of Ophthamology, 19: 177–201. “Entopic Phenomena Associated with the Retina.”

Marshall, C.R. (1936–1937) Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology, (London), 17: 289–304. “An inquiry into the causes of mescal visions.”

Marshall, W. Taylor & Thor Methron Bock (1977) Cactaceae.

Martin, George C. (1933) Witte Memorial Museum Bulletin, 3. “Archeological explorations of the Shumla caves.”

Martin, George C. (1937) Archaeological Exploration of the Shumla Caves. Report of the George C. Martin Expedition. Southwest Texas Archaeological Society, Witte Memorial Museum, San Antonio.

Martin, Richard J. & Roger G.H. Downer (1989) Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 11: 29–45. “Effects of Potential Inhibititors on N-Acetylation of Octopamine by Tissue Extracts From Malpighian Tubules and Cerebral Ganglia of Periplaneta americana L.”

Martin, Robert J. & Thomas G. Alexander (1968) Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 51 (1): 159–163. “Analytical Procedures Used in FDA Laboratories for the Analysis of Hallucinogenic Drugs.”

Martínez, Maximino (1928) Las Plantas Medicinales de Mexico. Mexico. [from Schultes 1937b]

Martínez, Maximino (1959) Plantas Utiles de la Flora Mexicana, (Peyote: 468–477) Ediciones Botas

Martínez, Maximino (1989) Las Plantas Medicinales de México. 6th Edition, Ediciones Botas. México. ISBN 9686334076. 656 pages.

Martius, Carl Friedrich Phillip [AKA “Carolus Fridericus Philippus De Martius”] (1890) Flora Brasiliensis 4 (2) 201 & fig. 40. “7. Cereus macrogonus.” This problematic article was written by Schumann but both the mistaken origin and floristic errors were attempted to be corrected in Schumann 1898. Sadly only his comments in Flora Brasiliensis were noticed by most later workers.

[The work Flora Brasiliensis involved 65 authors and took 66 years. Martius began editing in 1840. The editing was taken over by August Wilhelm Eichler in 1868 (Martius died at the end of 1868) and then by Ignatz Urban in 1887 (following Eichler’s death). The work was finally completed in 1906. Urban was the current editor when volume 4 was finally pubished in 1890.] Reprinted in 1967 by Verlag von J. Kramer.

Maruyama, M. et al. (1993) Journal of Neural Transmission, 94 (2): 1435–1463. “Naturally-occurring isoquinolines perturb monoamine metabolism in the brain: studied by in vivo microdialysis.” (W. Maruyama, D. Nakahara, P. Dostert, A. Takahashi & M. Naoi)

Marx, M. et al. (1967) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 32: 3150–3155. “Terpenoids. LX. Revised Structures of the Cactus Triterpene Lactones Stellatogenin and Thurberogenin.” (Michael Marx, J. Leclercq, B. Tursch & Carl Djerassi)

Mascher, E. et al. (1966) “Psycholytic Therapy: Statistics and Indications.” pp. 441–444. in: Brill et al. (eds.) Neuropsychopharmacology. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psycho-Pharmacologicum.

Mass, J.W. et al. (1980) Psychol. Med. 10: 759

Mata, Rachel & Jerry L. McLaughlin (1980)a Journal of Natural Products, 43 (3): 411–413. “Lemairin, a New Glucoside from the Mexican Cactus, Pachycereus weberi.”

Mata, Rachel & Jerry L McLaughlin (1980)b Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 69 (1): 94–95. “Cactus alkaloids XLII: 3,4-Dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine and Heliamine from the Mexican Cereoid Backebergia militaris”

Mata, Rachel & Jerry L McLaughlin (1980)c Phytochemistry, 19: 673–678. “Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids of the Mexican Columnar Cactus Pachycereus weberi”

Mata, Rachel & Jerry L. McLaughlin (1980)d Planta Medica, 38: 180–182. “Cactus Alkaloids. XLV. Tetrahydroisoquinolines from the Mexican Cereoid Pachycereus pringlei.”

Mata, Rachel & Jerry L. McLaughlin (1982) Revista Latinoamericana de Quimica, 12: 95–117. “Cactus Alkaloids. 50. A comprehensive tabular summary.”

Mata & McLaughlin 1976 (in the literature) meant Mata et al. 1972.

Mata & McLaughlin 1976 Lloydia, 39(6):461 in the literature meant Mata et al. 1976a.

Mata, R. et al. (1976)a Lloydia, 39 (6): 461–463. “Cactus Alkaloids. XXX. N-Methylated Tyramines from Trichocereus spachianus, T. candicans and Espostoa huanucensis” (Rachel Mata, Jerry L. McLaughlin & W. Hubert Earle)

Mata, R. et al. (1976)b Lloydia, 39 (6): 480 (Proceedings.) “Cactus alkaloids. XXXI. N-methylated tyramines from Trichocereus candicans, T. spachianus and Espostoa huanucensis” (R. Mata, W.H. Earle & J.L. McLaughlin)

Mata et al. 1980 in the literature meant Mata & McLaughlin 1980

Mata, R. et al. (1983) Phytochemistry, 22 (5): 1263–1270. “¹³C NMR Analysis of Some Simple Tetrahydroisoquinolines.” (Rachel Mata, Ching-Jer Chang & Jerry L. McLaughlin)

Mátéfi, L. (1952) Confina Neurologica, 12: 146–177. “Mezcalin und Lysergsäure diäthylamid-Rausch: Selbstversuche mit besonderer Berücksichtigung eines Zeichentests.”

Matsutani, H. & T. Shiba (1975) Phytochemistry, 14: 1132.

Mauseth, James D. (1983)a Cactus & Succulent Journal, (US) 55 (4): 171–175. “Introduction to Cactus Anatomy. Part 5. Secretory Cells.”

Mauseth, James D. (1984)a Cactus & Succulent Journal, (US) 56 (1): 33–37. “Introduction to Cactus Anatomy. Part 7. Epidermis.”

Maxwell, Ross A. (1968) The Big Bend of the Rio Grande. A guide to the rocks, geologic history, and settlers of the area of Big Bend National Park. Guidebook 7. Bureau of Economic Geology. University of Texas at Austin. 138 pages plus a 1966 1:62,500 color-keyed geologic map of the park as an insert. (1979-4th printing./ 1968 first printing)

May, Richard (1980) Cactus & Succulent Journal, (US) 52: 14–18. “Sclerocactus polyancistrus: Its growth, distribution and cultivation, Part II.”

Mayer-Gross, W. (1931) “Ueber Synaesthesien im Meskalinrausch.” in G. Anschütz (ed.) Farbe-Ton-Forschungen vol. 3, Hamburg.

Mayer-Gross, W. (1951) British Medical Journal ,(Vol. 2): 317–321. “Experimental Psychoses and other Abnormalities Produced by Drugs.”

Mayer-Gross, W. & H. Stein (1926) Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde, 89: 112–118. “Veränderte Sinnestätigkeit im Meskalinrausch.”

McAllester, David P. (1949) Peyote Music. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology No. 13.

McAllester, David P. (1952) in J.S. Slotkin’s Menomini Peyotism, (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 42, pt. 4.) pp. 681–700. “Menomini peyote music.”

McAllester, David P. (1954) Enemy way music: A study of social and esthetic values as seen in Navaho music. (Reports of the Rimrock Project, Values Series No. 3, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology.)

McAllister, Gilbert (1954) Cactus and Succulent Journal, (26): 146–147. “Peyote at Shafter, Texas, in the Big Bend.”

McAnalley, B.W. et al. (1988) Paper presented at the IV International Conference on AIDS (Stockholm, Sweden, June, 1988). “Demonstration of in-vitro antiviral action of Acemannan against multiple viruses including the HIV virus.”

McCall, R.B. (1982) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 6(4): 509–514. “Neurophysiological effects of hallucinogens on serotonergic neuronal systems.”

McCall, R.B. & G.K. Aghajanian (1979) Neuroscience Abstracts, 5: 343. “Hallucinogens sensitize serotonin and norepinephrine receptors in the facial motor nucleus.”

McCleary 1960 in the literature meant McCleary et al. 1960

McCleary et al. (1960) Economic Botany, 14 (4): 247–249. “Antibiotic activity of an extract of peyote (Lophophora Williamsii [Lemaire] Coulter)” (James A. McCleary, Paul S. Sypherd & David L. Walkington)

McCleary, James A. (1960) (in the literature) meant McCleary et al. 1960

McCleary, James A. & David L. Walkington (1964) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 91 (5): 361–369. “Antimicrobial Activity in the Cactaceae.”

McCoy, Alfred W. (1972) The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia.

McEwen, Charles M. Jr. (1965) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 240 (5): 2003–2018. “Human Plasma Monoamine Oxidase. I. Purification and Identification.”

McFarlane, I.J. & M. Slaytor (1972)a Phytochemistry, 11(1): 229–234. “The Role of N-Acetyl Amines in Tetrahydro-β-carboline and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Biosynthesis.”

McFarlane, I.J. & M. Slaytor (1972)b Phytochemistry, 11: 235–238. “Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Echinocereus merkeri.”

McFarlane, W.D. (1966) Am. Soc. Brew. Chem Proc. 184.

McGlothlin, William H. (1965) Psychedelic Review, 6: 16–57. “Hallucinogenic Drugs: A Perspective with Special Reference to Peyote and Cannabis.”

McIvor, R.A. & J.M. Pepper (1953) Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 31: 298–302. “The Reaction of 5-Bromovanillin and Sodium Methoxide.” (Synthesis of syringaldehyde.)

McKellar, P. (1963) “Mescaline and Human Thinking.” in Crocket, Sandison & Walk (eds.) Hallucinogenic Drugs and Their Psychotherapeutic Use. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield.

McKenna, D. J. et al. (1986) América Indigena, 46(1): 73–99. “Ingredientes biodinamicos en las plantas que se mezclan al ayahuasca. Una farmacopea tradicional no investigada.” [Dennis J. McKenna, L.E. Luna & G.H.N. Towers] [Epiphyllum]

McKenna, Terence (1991) The Archaic Revival. Speculations on Psychedelic Mushrooms, the Amazon, Virtual Reality, UFOs, Evolution, Shamanism, the Rebirth of the Goddess, and the End of History. Harper SanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-250613-7

McKenna, Terence (1992) Food of the Gods: The search for the original tree of knowledge. A radical history of plants, drugs and human evolution. Bantam Books

McKenna, Terence (1993) True hallucinations. Being an Account of the Author’s Extraordinary Adventures in the Devil’s Paradise. Harper SanFrancisco. 1994 paperback: ISBN 0-06-250652-8.

McLaughlin, Jerry Loren (1965) PhD dissertation; University of Michigan. “Identification and biosynthesis of certain alkaloids of Lophophora Williamsii (Lem.) Coult.”

McLaughlin, Jerry L. (1969) Lloydia, 32 (3): 392–394.
“Cactus alkaloids. VI. Identification of hordenine and N-Methyltyramine in Ariocarpus fissuratus varieties
fissuratus and lloydii.”

McLaughlin, Jerry L. (1973) Lloydia, 36 (1): 1–8. “Peyote: an introduction.”

McLaughlin, Jerry L. & Ara G. Paul (1965) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 54 (4): 661. “Presence of Hordenine in Lophophora Williamsii.”

McLaughlin, Jerry L. & Ara G. Paul (1966) Lloydia, 29 (4): 315–327. “The cactus alkaloids. I. Identification of N-Methylated Tyramine Derivatives in Lophophora Williamsii.”

McLaughlin, Jerry L. & Ara G. Paul (1967) Lloydia, 30 (1): 91–99. “The Cactus Alkaloids. II. Biosynthesis of Hordenine and Mescaline in Lophophora Williamsii.”

McLeary, J.A., in the literature, is a typo referring to McCleary

Melero, C.P. et al. (2000) Molecules, 5: 51–81. “A Short Review on Cardiotonic Steroids and Their Aminoguanidine Analogues.” (Concepción P. Melero, Manuel Medarde & Arturo San Feliciano) (downloadable from http://www.mdpi.org/molecules/papers/50100051.pdf)

Mellen, Chase, III (1963) The Harvard Review, 1 (4): 63–67. “Reflections of a Peyote Eater.”

Menachery, Mary D. et al. (1986) Journal of Natural Products, 49 (5): 745–778. “Simple Isoquinolines” (Includes review of physical data and distribution.)

Mencken, H.L. (1930) Treatise on the Gods. Alfred A. Knopf 1930 (364 pp & 12 p index); Second Edition: Corrected & revised. Alfred A. Knopf, NY 1946 (360 pp & 15 p index). Reprinted several times.

Mercado, Leo (ed.) The Peyote Foundation Journal Publication of the Peyote Foundation. [http://www.peyote.net]

Merchant, J.R. & A.J. Mountwala (1958) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 23: 1774–1776. “Synthesis of Some β-Phenethylamine Derivatives. I”

Mercier, J. & S. Dessaigne (1959) Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises, 17: 606.

Merck (1960) The Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs, 7th Edition. Rahway, N.J.: Merck and Co.

Merck (1976) The Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs. 9th Edition. Martha Windholz (ed.), Merck & Co.; Rahway, NJ. ISBN 911910-26–3.

Merlis, S. & H.C.B. Denber (1956) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 123 (6): 542–545. “Studies on mescaline, V. Electroencephalographic evidence for the antagonism between mescaline and chlorpromazine hydrochloride.”

Merlis, S. & Wallace Hunter (1954) Psychiatric Quarterly, 29: 430–432. “Studies on mescaline II: Effects of administration after electric convulsive treatment of schizophrenic patients.”

Merriam, Alan P. & D’Azevedo, Warren L. (1957) American Anthropologist, 59: 615–641. “Washo peyote songs.”

Merrill, W.L. (1977) An Investigation of Ethnographic and Archeological Specimens of Mescalbeans (Sophora secundiflora) in American Museums. (Technical Reports No. 6) Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. [From Ott 1993]

Mester, I (1973) Fitoterapia (Milano), 44: 123–152. “The occurrence of the alkaloids in Rutaceae”

Mester, I. (1977) Fitoterapia (Milano), 48: 268–278. “The Occurrence of Alkaloids in Rutaceae. Addendum I”

Metzner, Ralph (1963) Psychedelic Review, 1: 69–100. “The pharmacology of psychedelic drugs.”

Metzner, Ralph (1994) The Well of Remembrance: Rediscovering the Earth Wisdom Myths of Northern Europe. Shambala.

Meyer, Brian & Jerry L. McLaughlin (1980) Planta Medica, 38 (1): 91–92. “Cactus alkaloids. XLI. Candicine from Trichocereus pasacana”

Meyer, Brian & Jerry L. McLaughlin (1982) Cactus & Succulent Journal, (US) 54 (5): 226–228. “A Note on the Phytochemistry of Opuntia (Cactaceae).”

Meyer, B.N. et al. (1980) Phytochemistry, 19: 719–720. “β-Phenethylamines From the Cactus Genus Opuntia” (Brian N. Meyer, Yehia A.H. Mohamed & Jerry L. McLaughlin)

Meyer, B.N. et al. (1981) Planta Medica, 43 (11): 304–306. “Candicine from Stapelia gigantea.” (Brian N. Meyer, Jerry L. McLaughlin & William J. Keller)

Meyer, B.N., Helfrich, J.S., Nichols, D.E., Davis, D.V., Cooks, R.G. and J.L. McLaughlin 1982 Abstr. 23rd Annual Meeting American Society of Pharmacognosy August 1–5 1982, Pittsburg Pa, 23: Abstr.-41 [from Meyer et al. 1983]

Meyer, B.N. et al. (1983) Journal of Natural Products, 46 (5): 688-693. “Cactus Alkaloids LIII. Coryphanthine and O-Methylcandicine, Two New Quaternary Alkaloids from Coryphantha greenwoodii” (B.N. Meyer, J.S. Helfrich, D.E. Nichols, J.L. McLaughlin, D.V. Davis and R.G. Cooks)

Meyer, J. M. & J. C. Fogleman (1987) J. Chem. Ecol, 13:2069–2081. “Significance of saguaro cactus alkaloids in the ecology of Drosophila mettleri, a soil-breeding, cactophilic drosophilid.”

MFDS (2003) Drug Information Journal, article P15_587. “The Analysis of Peyote Cactus, Mescal Buttons and Mescaline.” (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in the Korean Food & Drug Administration.)

Michaelis, Paul (1896) Thesis Erlangen. “Beiträge zur verglichenden Anatomie der Gattungen Echinocactus, Mammillaria und Anhalonium” [Echinocactus lewinii (Hennings) Schumann var. jourdaniana Michaelis]

Michaux, Henri (1956) Misérable miracle, Rocher: Monaco; also (1967) Miserabile miracolo. l’infinito turbolento. Feltrinelli: Milano; also (1969) Miserable miracle (tr. by Louise Varèse) City Lights: San Francisco; also (1972) Misérable miracle. La Mescaline. (avec quarante-huit dessins et documents manuscrits originaux de l’auteur.) Éditions Gallimaud 195 pages

Michaux, Henri (1957) L’infini turbulent, Mercure de France: Paris; Also (1976) Infinite Turbulence (tr. by Michael Fineberg 1976) Calder and Boyars.

Michaux, Henri (1968) Allucinogeni e conoscenza. Rizzoli: Milano.

Michaux, Henri (1986) Unseliges Wunder: Das Meskalin. Carl Hanser: Munich.

Michel, Karen Lincoln (1999) Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Wisconsin) Friday, December 17. “For Native American Church, Peyote is Sacred.” [See http://www.jsonline.com/]

Middleditch, B.S. (1976) Journal of Chromatography, 126: 581–589. “Aldehyde condensation products as derivatives for the vapor phase analysis of biogenic amines”

Miller et al. (1978) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 43: 1580-?. “Synthesis of Morphinandienones, A. Dihydrophenanthrone and Pummerer’s Ketones by Anodic Coupling.” (L.L. Miller, R.F. Stewart, J.P. Gillespie, V. Ramachandran, Y.H. So & F.R. Stermitz)

Miller, H.E. et al. (1968) Helvetica Chimica Acta, 51 (6): 1470–1474. “Biogenese der Betalaine. Biotransformation von Dopa and Tyrosin in den Betalaminsäureteil des Betanins.” (H.E. Miller, H. Rösler, A. Wohlpart, H. Wyler, M.E. Wilcox, H. Frohofer, T.J. Mabry & André S. Dreiding)

Miller, John (2000) comments forwarded by MS Smith (Ariocarpus bravoanus comment derived from Anderson & Fitz Maurice 1997; scaphirostris comment was referenced to personal communication from Ted Anderson in 1999)

Miller, John M. & Bruce A. Bohm (1982) Phytochemistry, 21 (4): 951–952. “Flavonol and Dihydroflavonol Glycosides of Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. gurneyi.”

Miller, Richard Lawrence (1996) Drug Warriors and Their Prey: From Police Power to Police State. Prager: Westport. ISBN 0-275-95042-5.

Milne, G.W.A. et al. (1973) Anal. Chem. 45: 1952. (cims)

Minale, L. et al. (1965) Phytochemistry, 4: 593–597. “Pigments of Centrospermae – IV. On The Biogenesis of Indicaxanthin and Betanin in Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.” (L. Minale, M. Piattelli & R.A. Nicolaus)

Minale, L. et al. (1966) Phytochemistry, 5: 1037–1052. “Pigments of Centrospermae – VI. Acylated Betacyanins.” (L. Minale, M. Piattelli, S. De Stefano & R.A. Nicolaus)

Minelli, Laurenchich & Frigerio, Bianca Maria (1976) Terra Ameriga, 37/40: 21–30. “Il peyote nel Messico pre-colombiano.”

Mindt, L. et al. (1977) Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 26: 993-1000. “Cactaceae Mucilage Composition.” (Lothar Mindt, Karl Saag, George R. Sanderson, Patrick Moyna & Gerardo Ramos)

Miranda, Faustino (1954) Ceiba, 4 (2): 126–145. “Plantas Nuevas de Chiapas” [pp. 139–140 is P. gaumeri (?) Th.MacDougall & F.Miranda.]

Mitchell, S. Weir (in the literature) See as Weir Mitchell

Moerman, D.E. (1998) Native American Ethnobotany. Timber Press, Portland. ISBN 0881924539. 927 pages

Moffat, A.C. & E.C. Horning (1970) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 222: 248–250. “A new derivative for the gas-liquid chromatography of picogram quantities of primary amines of the catecholamine series.”

Mohamed, Y.A.H. et al. (1979) Journal of Natural Products, 42 (2): 197–202 “Cactus Alkaloids. XXXIX. A
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Mokrasch, L.C. & Ian Stevenson (1959) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 129 (2): 177–183. “The metabolism of mescaline with a note on correlations between metabolism and psychological effects.”

Moksha Press http://www.entheobiblica.com

Molinoff, Perry B. & Julius Axelrod (1969) Science, 164 (878): 428–429. “Octopamine: normal occurrence in sympathetic nerves of rats.”

Molinoff, P.B. et al. (1969) Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 170 (2): 253–261. “An enzymatic assay for octopamine and other beta-hydroxylated phenylethylamines.” (P.B. Molinoff, L.Landsberg & J. Axelrod)

Molinoff, P. et al. (1970) Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences (USA), 66 (2): 453–458. ”Neurally Mediated Increase in Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activity.” (Perry B. Molinoff, Steven Brimijoin, Richard Weinshilboum & Julius Axelrod)

Möller, A. (1935) Acta psychiatrica et neurologica 10: 405–442. “Einige Meskalin Versuche.”

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Monje, Paula V. & Enrique J. Baran (1997) Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 52c: 267–269. “On the formation of whewellite in the cactaceae species Opuntia microdasys.”

Monje, Paula V. & Enrique J. Baran (2000) Plant Physiology, 157: 457–460. “First evidences of the bioaccumulation of α-quartz in Cactaceae.”

Monje, Paula V. & Enrique J. Baran (2002) Plant Physiology, 128: 707–713. “Characterization of calcium oxalates generated as biominerals in cacti.”

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Moore, Harvey C. (1956) American Anthropologist, 58: 220. Review of: Enemy way music: A study of social and esthetic values as seen in Navaho music, by David P. McAllester.

Moore, R.Y. & F.E. Bloom (1979) Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2: 113–168. “Central Catecholamine Neuron Systems: Anatomy and Physiology of the Norepinephrine and Epinephrine Systems.”

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Morgan, George Robert (1976) Dissertation; University of Colorado. “Man, Plant and Religion: Peyote Trade on the Mustang Plains of Texas.”

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Morgan, George R. & Omer C. Stewart (1984) Southwestern Historical Quarterly, 87: 269–296. “Peyote Trade in South Texas.”

Morin et al. (1957) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 22: 331–332. “Synthesis of 5,6,7-trimethoxyindole, a possible intermediary metabolite of mescaline.”

Morin et al. (1959) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 24: 917. (in the literature) meant Benington et al. 1959

Morrison, Robert Thornton & Robert Neilson Boyd (1976) Organic Chemistry Third Edition Allyn and Bacon, Inc. ISBN 0-205-03239-7.

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Morselli, G.E. (1944–1945) Rivista di psicologia, 40–41: 1-23. “Mescalina e schizofrenia.”

Moseby (1994) Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition. Kenneth N. Anderson, Lois E. Anderson & Walter D. Glanze (eds.) Mosby-Year Book Inc. ISBN 0-8016-7225-2 (Prof.) – ISBN 0-8151-6113-1 – ISBN 0-8151-6111-5 (trade)

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Mottram, Roy (1997) Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives 2: 8. “Two new names in Echinopsis.” [This was the publication of the name Echinopsis scopulicola.]

Mount, Guy (1993) The Peyote Book. A Study of Native Medicine. 3rd Edition. Sweetlight Books. ISBN 0-9604462-3-0.

Moyna, Patrick & José Luis DiFabio (1978) Planta Medica, 34: 207–210. “Composition of Cactaceae Mucilages.”

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Mulvena, Dawn P. et al. (1983) Phytochemistry, 22 (12): 2885–2886. “Methoxylated Gramine Derivatives From Phalaris aquatica.” (Dawn P. Mulvena, Kelvin Picker, Damon D. Ridley & Michael Slaytor)

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Murg, Wilhelm (2002) http://www.okit.com/news/2002/february/nativeamericanchurch.html [Article on DEA, AIRFA and the NAC]

Murphee, H.B. et al. (1958) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 122: 55A-56A. “Effects of lysergic acid derivatives on man: antagonism between d-lysergic acid diethylamide and its 2-bromo congener.” (H.B. Murphee, E.W.J. DeMaar, H.L. Williams & L.L. Bryan)

Murple was via personal communication.

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Musacchio, José M. et al. (1963) Federation Proceedings. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 22: 481. [Abstract; entry 1915] “N-Acetylation and Demethylation of Mescaline in Rats.” (José M. Musacchio, A. Dudowitz, H. Gerber and Menek Goldstein)

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Myerhoff, Barbara G. (1973) Organization and Ecstacy: Peyote and the Huichol Case. (Unpublished manuscript)

Myerhoff, Barbara G. (1975) “Peyote and Huichol Worldview: The Structure of a Mystic Vision.” pp 417–438, in Vera Rubin (ed.) Cannabis and Culture. Mouton: The Hague, Paris.

Myerhoff, Barbara G. (1976) (1974?) Peyote Hunt: The Sacred Journey of the Huichol Indians. [Symbol, Myth and Ritual Series.] Cornell University Press. 288 pages (285 pages?) ISBN 0-8014-9137-1

Myerhoff, Barbara G. (1980) Der Peyote Kult. Trikont: Munich.

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Nagelvoort, J.B. (1895) American Journal of Pharmacy, 67: 31–32. “Letter to Editor.”

Nahmed Sittri, S. et al. (1972) El peyote y los huicholes. SepSentas: Mexico. (Salamón Nahmed Sittri, Otto Klineberg, Peter T. Furst & Barbara G. Myerhoff)

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Naranjo, Claudio (1973) “Psychological Aspects of the Yagé Experience in an Experimental Setting.” Pp. 176–190 (Ch 10) in Harner (1973)

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Neal, J.M. & J.L. McLaughlin (1972) Journal of Chromatography, 73: 277–278. “Cactus Alkaloids. XVII. Thin-Layer Chromatography of Dansylated Nonphenolic β-Phenethylamines.”

Neal, J.M. et al. (1971)a Economic Botany, 25 (4): 382–384. “Cactus Alkaloids. XI. Isolation of Tyramine, N-Methyltyramine and Hordenine from Obregonia denegrii” [also CA (1972) 76: 151035]. (J.M. Neal, P.T. Sato & J.L. McLaughlin)

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Neff, N. & G.V. Rossi (1963) American Journal of Pharmacy and the Sciences Supporting Public Health. 135 (9): 319–327. “Mescaline.”

Neff, N et al. (1964) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 144 (1): 1–7. “Distribution and Metabolism of Mescaline-C¹⁴ in the Cat Brain.” (N. Neff, G.V. Rossi, G.D. Chase & J.L. Rabinowitz) [Note: this should be written ¹⁴C.]

Neher, Andrew (1961) Electroencephalography, and Clinical Neurophysiology 13 (3): 449–451. “Auditory Driving Observed with Scalp Electrodes in Normal Subjects.”

Neher, Andrew (1962) Human Biology, 34 (2): 151–160. “A Physiological Explanation of Unusual Behavior in Ceremonies Involving Drums.”

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Nesterick, C.A. & R.G. Rahwan (1979) Journal of Chromatography, 164 (2): 205–216. “Detection of endogenous salsolinol in neonatal rat tissue by a radioenzymatic–thin-layer chromatographic assay.”

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Nettl, Bruno (1953) Journal of American Folklore, 66 (260): 161–164. “Observations on meaningless peyote song texts.”

Nettl, Bruno (1958) American Anthropologist, 60 (3): 518–532. “Historical aspects of ethnomusicology.”

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Newcomb, William W. (Bill) Jr. (1980) Indians of Texas. University of Texas Press. 0-292-73271-6 (cloth)/0-292-78425-2 (paper). First edition was in 1961.

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Niedfeld (1931) Tesis del profesorado suplente, Universidad del Litoral, Rosario. [from Reti]

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Nielsen, John & Roxane, owners Prescott Brewing Company, Prescott, AZ letter to editor published in 1997 Southwest Brewing News, 5 (5): page 2

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Nikodijevic, B et al. (1969) Biochemical Pharmacology, 18: 1577–1584. “Catechol-O-methyltransferase. I. An enzymatic assay for cardiac norepinephrine.” (B. Nikodijevic, J. Daly & C.R. Creveling)

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Nordal, A. et al. (1966) Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 20: 1431–1432. “Non-volatile acids of succulent plants exhibiting a marked diurnal oscillation in the acid content. II. Demonstration of piscidic acid as one of the predominating acids in Opuntia ficus-indica.” (Arnold Nordal, Jørgen Gether & Guri Haustveit)

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Norton, Stata and Tamburro, Jean (1958) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 122: 57A. “Effects of Hallucinogens on Spontaneous Behavior Patterns of Animals.” [Abstract of paper presented to American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Abel Centennial Meeting, Baltimore, Maryland, Sept. 4–7, 1957.] [Reported that mescaline increased excitement and hostility.]

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Noteboom, L. (1934) Proc. Acad. Exp. Amsterdam. (in the literature) See as Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam

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Novelli, Armando & Orfeo O. Orazi (1950) Revista Farmacéutica (Buenos Aires), 92: 109–118. “Alcaloides aislados de la República Argentina.”

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Ochoterena, Isaac (1922) Las Cacáceas de México (Lophophora: pp 96–110)

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O’Donovan, D.G. et al. (1971) Journal of the Chemical Society, (C) 1971: 2398–2399. “The Biosynthesis of Pilocereine. Part II. Lophocereine & Pilocereine in Lophocereus schottii.” (D.G. O’Donovan, E. Barry & H. Horan)

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O’Hanlon et al. (1970) Anal. Biochem. 34: 568. (J.F. O’Hanlon Jr., H.C. Campuzano and S.M. Horvath)

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Opler, Morris E. (1939) American Anthropologist, 41 (3): 433–439. “A description of a Tonkawa peyote meeting held in 1902.”

Opler, Morris E. (1940) American Anthropologist, 42: 271-285. “The Character and History of the Southern Ute Peyote Rite.”

Opler, Marvin K. (1940) American Anthropologist, 42: 667–669. “Book Review of Gusinde, Martin (1939) Der Peyote-Kult: Entsehung und Verbreitung.”

Opler, Marvin K. (1941) American Anthropologist, 43 (3) part 1: 463–474.

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Östlund, E. (1954) Acta Physiol. Scand. 31, Suppl. 112, 167. [From Deulofeu & Ruveda 1971]

Ostolaza, Carlos (1984) Cactus & Succulent Journal, (US) 56: 102–104. “Trichocereus Pachanoi Br. & R.”

Ostolaza, Carlos (1987) Cactus & Succulent Journal, (US) 59 (1): 13–15. “Browningia Candelaris (Meyen) Br. & R. A New Habitat for an Old Cactus Species.” [Header for this issue was misprinted as volume 58]

Ostolaza, Carlos (1995) Quepo, 9: 73–82. “Etnobotanica II. El Período Formativo.”

Ostolaza, Carlos (1996) Quepo, 10: 42–49. “Etnobotanica III. La Cultura Paracas.”

Ostolaza, Carlos (1997) Quepo, 11: 79–86. “Etnobotanica IV. La Cultura Nazca.”

Ostolaza, Carlos (1998) Quepo, 12: 62–68. “Etnobotanica V. La Cultura Moche.”

Ostolaza, Carlos (1999) Quepo, 13: 32–37. “Etnobotánica VI. Culturas Wari y Chimu.”

Ostolaza, Carlos (2000) Quepo, 14: 18–23. “Etnobotánica VII. El Imperio de los Incas.”

Ott, Jonathan (1993) Pharmacotheon. Entheogenic Drugs, their Plant Sources and History. Natural Products Co., Kennewick, Wa. 639 pp. ISBN 0-9614234-2-0 (Hardcover)/ 0-9614234-3-9 (paperback) See also Ott 1996. [Pages 81–115; Chapter One: “Mescaline, Péyotl, San Pedro, Artificial Phenethylamines” Same pages in Ott 1996]

Ott, Jonathan (1994) Ayahuasca Analogues. Pangaean Entheogens. Natural Products Co., Kennewick, Wa. 127 pp. ISBN 0-9614234-4-7 (Hardcover)/ 0-9614234-5-5 (paperback)

Ott, Jonathan (1995) The Age of Entheogens & The Angels’ Dictionary. Natural Products Co., Kennewick, Wa. 159 pp. ISBN 0-9614234-6-3 (Hardcover)/ 0-9614234-7-1 (paperback)

Ott, Jonathan (1996) Pharmacotheon. Entheogenic Drugs, their Plant Sources and History. Second Edition Densified Natural Products Co., Kennewick, Wa. 639 pp. ISBN 0-9614234-8-X (Hardcover)/ 0-9614234-9-8 (paperback) [Same page numbering as in 1993.]

Ott, Jonathan (1997) Pharmacophilia or the Natural Paradises. Natural Products Co., Kennewick, Wa. 1995. 191 pp. ISBN 1-888755-01-6.

Oviedo, Gonzalo Fernadez de (1851–1855) Historia Natural y General de las Indias. – Primera parte, Madrid, 1535 y segunda parte, Madrid, 1851–1855. [from Yacovleff & Herrrera 1935]

Okazaki, S. et al. (2007) Journal of Natural Medicine, 61:24–29. “New triterpene saponins from Stenocereus eruca (Cactaceae)” (Sachie Okazaki, Kaoru Kinoshita, Kiyotaka Koyama, Kunio Takahashi & Hiroshi Yuasa)

Okazaki, S. et al. (2011) Phytochemistry, 72 (1): 136–146. “Triterpenoid saponins from Echinopsis macrogona (Cactaceae).” (Sachie Okazaki, Kaoru Kinoshita, S. Ito, Kiyotaka Koyama, Hiroshi Yuasa & KunioTakahashi)

Özcan, M.M. & F.Y. Al Juhaimi (2011) International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 62 (5): 533–536. “Nutritive value and chemical composition of prickly pear seeds (Opuntia ficus indica L.) growing in Turkey.”